In the era of effective molecular targeted treatments and immunotherapies, there is an urgent need to implement the use of circulating biomarkers in clinic practice to facilitate personalized therapy and predict treatment response. Extracellular vesicles such as exosome, a promising tool for liquid biopsy, are nanosized bilayer particles, secreted by all cells and that carry cargoes (lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids), protecting them from enzymatic degradation in the extracellular environment. We identified proteins (HSP70 and PD-L1) expressed by tumor-derived exosomes (TEX) in different types of cancer (melanoma, breast, lung cancer ). In this work, we demonstrate the clinical relevance of TEX a biomarkers for predicting response to treatment, especially to immunotherapy (Anti-PD-1/PD-L1). Furthermore, we studied the implication of HSP70/PD-L1-TEX on the immune system.
We conducted a clinical trial to observe the immunosuppressive TEX in cancerous patients. Interestingly, HSP70-TEX and PD-L1-TEX were detected in all patients. HSP70/PD-L1-TEX variations after treatment correlated with tumor response and survival.
Overall, our results show that HSP70/PD-L1-TEX monitoring may be a promising biomarker for predicting tumor response and clinical outcome. Furthermore, the use of these TEX as a biomarker needs to be confirmed in a larger cohort and explore another cancer types (haematological malignancies).
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